Scars are the visible result of the wound healing process, where normal skin is replaced by fibrous tissue. This scar tissue lacks the characteristics of uninjured skin and can cause functional and aesthetic deformities, discomfort and psychological stress. Scars can cause physical problems such as itching, tenderness or pain, but the psychological aspects can be more significant, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.
Scars form when the skin repairs itself after an injury. The healing process involves a series of complex physiological events, including inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. Although scars cannot be completely removed, appropriate treatment can significantly improve their appearance and reduce side effects. Proper management of surgical wounds in the postoperative period is crucial to prevent complications such as infection and the formation of hypertrophic scars.
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are types of scars that result from excessive fibroproliferation within wounds. These scars are raised and stiff, and can cause itching and pain. It is estimated that each year about 100 million people acquire scars after surgery, and approximately 15% have excessive or unsightly scars.
Scarring can have unpleasant physical, aesthetic, psychological and social consequences. Physical symptoms include itching, stiffness, tenderness and pain, while psychosocial effects include decreased self-esteem, stigmatisation, anxiety and depression. In the immediate postoperative period, it is important to maintain moisture in the incision, prevent infection and reduce inflammation to ensure adequate healing.
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