Aetiology

Hemorrhoids are dilations of the veins that make up the internal and/or external venous plexus of the final section of the digestive system. Internal hemorrhoids are not visible as they are located in the rectum, whereas external hemorrhoids are found on the rim of the anus and can therefore be seen and felt.

The frequency of this condition is not exactly known, because community-based studies are not very conclusive as they are based on spontaneous reporting, visits to the doctor, and hospital admission and operating rates. It is estimated, however, that its prevalence is around 21.6%.

Hemorrhoids are usually caused by exceeding the capacity of adaptation of the veins to the volume of blood they receive, so the structures that support the hemorrhoidal veins collapse. Among the factors that trigger the condition off are spicy foods, a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol and spices, constipation, lifting heavy weights, pregnancy, childbirth and certain professions such as taxi drivers or chauffeurs.

Symptoms

The symptoms are usually: haemorrhaging, protrusion, pain and itchiness.

Treatment

Treatment involves avoiding the factors mentioned (above) and applying cold locally in acute cases, and local anti-inflammatory drugs. Surgery may be required in more serious cases.